Fetal Macrosomia was defined as birth weight greater than 4000g. Perinatal mortality and morbidity is increased in fetal macrosomia.If we predict of fetal macrosomia, prevention of its complications are possible. In a prospective study 3oo full term fetus among pregnant women that refered to the radiology department of AL-Zahra hospital for pregnancy sonography was sekcted. Fetal abdominal subcutaneous tissue thickness was meassured in the anterior third of the abdominal circumference.There were 294 normal size and 6 macrosomic fentses. The fetal abdominal subcutaneous tissue thickness ranged between 3 and 14 mm. in all fetuses with a mean measurement of 6.68 mm ± 1.77 S.D. The mean soft tissue thickness differed significantly between normal and macrosomic fetuses (6.57 mm ± 1.6 S.D verS1LS 12mm ± 1.41 S.D). The pearson correlation coefficient was cakulated (r=0.863 P<0.0001). The results of this study show, presence of direct relationship between the thickness of fetal subcutanous tissue and fetal weight, and measurement of this thickness in the full term pregnant woman could be used as a sonographic parameter for intrauterine diagnosis of macrosomia.

Background/Objectives: Growth retardation and macrosomia are associated with increased fetal morbidity and mortality. We assessed the usefulness of sonographic measurement of abdominal subcuta-neous tissue thickness in estimating birth weight. Materials and Methods: Abdominal subcutaneous tissue thickness was measured sono-graphically in 300 fetuses between 37 and 42 weeks of gestation. The median time between sonographic examination and delivery was 11 days. The weight of newborns was measured immediately after delivery.Results: The mean soft tissue thickness was significantly higher in macrosomic than normal fetuses (12.0±1.4 mm versus 6.6±1.6 mm, respectively; P < 0.001). There was a significant positive correlation between the abdominal subcutaneous tissue thickness and birth weight (r = 0.86, P < 0.001).Conclusion: Sonographic examination of the fetal abdominal subcutaneous tissue thickness is useful for estimating birth weight.

Objective: Increased subcutaneous fat deposition in abdomen in large for gestational age (LGA) fetuses of mothers with gestational diabetes mellitus can be measured by fetal abdominal subcutaneous tissue thickness (FASTT) using ultrasound. The current study aimed to evaluate the correlation between FASTT and birth weight and compare FASTT and abdominal circumference (AC) for prediction of LGA babies in gestational diabetes. Materials and methods: 150 term GDM women were enrolled into the study. FASTT was measured weekly. Birth weight was measured immediately after delivery and categorized into SGA, AGA and LGA according to International growth charts. The last FASTT and AC values were recorded for analysis. Correlation statistics was used to determine the relation between FASTT with birth weight and ROC curves were used to compare FASTT and AC for prediction of LGA fetuses. Results: There was weak positive correlation between FASTT and birth weight with Pearson’s co-efficient (r) of 0.375. The cut-off value for FASTT to predict LGA fetuses obtained by ROC curve was ≥8.05 mm with sensitivity and specificity of 68.8% and 68.7%. The mean values of FASTT for small for gestational age (SGA), appropriate for gestational age (AGA) and LGA fetuses were significantly different. AUC for FASTT was 0.692 and for AC was 0.755. Conclusion: FASTT had a positive but weak correlation with birth weight. The utility of FASTT as a screening tool may not be impressive. FASTT can discriminate between SGA, AGA and LGA fetuses. AC is a better predictor than FASTT for LGA neonates.

Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the hormonal disorders in women. The PCOS may be due to decreased aromatase activity in adipose tissue. The aim of this study was to investigate the differences in the expression of aromatase protein in adipose tissue of pregnant women with and without PCOS. Methods: In this case-control study, aromatase protein expression were compared in subcutaneous adipose tissue of 11 pregnant women with and 11 without PCOS who were matched with each other in terms of weight characteristics before pregnancy and age. A subcutaneous adipose tissue samples (3-4 grams) was obtained during cesarean section. The expression of aromatase protein in adipose tissue was assessed using Western blotting method. All obtained data were statistically analyzed using SAS software. Findings: According to the analysis and quantification of the results, it was shown that the expression of aromatase protein in the subcutaneous adipose tissue of the abdomen of the group with PCOS decreased significantly compared to the non-PCOS group (P = 0. 006). In other words, the expression of aromatase protein was about one-third lower in the adipose tissue of women with PCOS than in women without it. Conclusion: The current study shows that the expression of aromatase protein in the adipose tissue of women with PCOS is reduced. This finding could confirm the key role of adipose tissue in the development of symptoms of this syndrome.

We report a case of combined subcutaneous, intrathoracic, and abdominal splenosis who presented with attacks of flushing, tachycardia and vague abdominal pain. The patient’s past medical history included a splenectomy due to abdominal trauma and years later, a lung lobectomy due to recurrent pneumonia. An enhancing solid mass adjacent to the upper pole of the left kidney and nodular pleural based lesions in the left hemi-thorax along with nodular lesions in subcutaneous tissue of the left chest wall suggested possible adrenal malignancy with multiple metastases. Histopathologic examination demonstrated benign lesions of ectopic splenic tissue….

Background In order to detect the gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in pregnant women as soon as possible, the aim of this study was to investigate the role of ultrasound in predicting GDM at early pregnancy by measuring the thickness of abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue.Methods and MaterialsThis was a longitudinal study performed on pregnant women at the weeks of 11 to 14 of pregnancy. All the women referred during this time were screened for the thickness of abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue, which was measured by trans-abdominal ultrasound. The patients were followed up by performing the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) between the weeks of 24-28. Finally, abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue thickness and other variables were compared between women with and without GDM. Oral consent was obtained from patients.Results210 pregnant women were enrolled in the study. The mean of abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue thickness was measured by ultrasound as 1.72 ± 0.33 mm. There was a statistically significant relationship between GDM and ultrasound-derived subcutaneous adipose tissue thickness (P <0.0001). At the cut-off point of 2.01, the sensitivity, specificity, and area under curve (AUC) values were 91%, 92%, and 0.96, respectively.ConclusionMeasuring the thickness of the abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue at early pregnancy may be useful in predicting GDM in the second trimester of pregnancy. Maternal higher age and weight gain, increased parity, and positive family histories of diabetes, preeclampsia, hypertension, and recurrent abortion may also increase the risk of GDM.

Background and Aim: The Transversus Abdominis Muscle (TrA) is the deepest abdominal muscle which contributes to lumbo-sacral stability. Abdominal Hollowing (AH) maneuver is a clinical way to activate the TrA muscle in an isolated fashion. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of AH maneuver on External Oblique (EO), Internal Oblique (IO), and Transversus Abdominis (TrA) muscles in supine and standing positions in both healthy men and women. Materials & Methods: This clinical trial study was conducted on 43 asymptomatic volunteers aged 19-44 years. After collecting demographic information, the participants were instructed to activate their TrA muscle in standing position. Then Rehabilitative Ultrasonic Imaging (RUSI) was performed for measuring thickness of all above muscles in both supine and standing positions and before and during doing AH. At the same time activation of the TrA was controlled by Pressure Biofeedback (PBF). ANOVA, paired t-test and Pearson correlation tests were used to analyze the data. Values of p<0.05 were considered to be significant. Results: During AH, the thickness of TrA increased significantly in both supine and standing positions (p<0.0001). Also, thickness of the IO muscle increased in both men and women groups after AH (p<0.0001). Generally, we observed that both IO & TrA thickness increased in standing position compared to supine position (p<0.003, p<0.0001) but advanced analysis indicated that TrA had increased only in its rest thickness (p<0.02). There was no effect of AH or changing position on EO muscle's thickness (p<0.2). Conclusion: It appears that performing AH in standing position can be effective on TrA thickness, although the PBF has been introduced as a clinical and available device for monitoring TrA activity, RUSI showed that both TrA and IO muscles were activated after AH. We recommend performing further investigations using electromyography and RUSI at the same time.

BACKGROUND: Previous studies reported that the distribution of body fat is an important risk factor for coronary artery diseases (CAD) and abdominal adipose tissue is associated with severe CAD. This study was conducted to evaluate the relationship between body fat distributions, plasma lipids and the severity of CAD in patients with stable angina.METHODS: Ninety seven patients who underwent coronary angiography for stable angina were allocated into two groups: patients with mild or sever coronary artery involvement. Lipid profile (total cholesterol, LDL, HDL) and triglyceride (TG) and apo lipoprotein A and B, were measured for all of the participants and a demographic data questionnaire was filled by the subjects. Participants underwent abdominal computed tomography (CT-Scan) for measurement of adipose tissues that was classified to visceral and superficial and deep subcutaneous fat tissue compartment.RESULTS: Patients with severe coronary artery involvement had higher level of apo B (P=0.02). Significant correlation was seen between visceral fat index and TG (P=0.01), HDL-C (P<0.01) in patients with mild coronary involvement and with total cholesterol (P=0.02), LDL-C (P=0.01) and apoB (P<0.01) in patients with severe coronary involvement.No significant relationship was seen among deep cutaneous fat index and lipid profile in both groups.CONCLUSION: Our findings showed that visceral adipose tissue is significantly associated with severe CAD and has a significant correlation with lipid profile as well as Apo B.

Background: Abdominal cutaneous and subcutaneous nodules are uncommon benign or malignant lesions. The majority of the malignant nodules are metastatic in origin and may be the initial presentation of a primary malignancy; hence, an early diagnosis is important. Our aim of this study was to find out the spectrum of lesions (both non-neoplastic and neoplastic) that present as cutaneous and subcutaneous nodules on the abdominal wall and to find out the efficacy of fine needle aspiration cytology in the early diagnosis of such lesions so that the need for histopathology can be minimized.Method: The study was conducted on 46 patients of all age groups who presented with various palpable cutaneous and subcutaneous abdominal nodules. These nodules were assessed by fine needle aspiration cytology. The diagnosis was made cytopathologically and subsequently correlated with the histopathological diagnosis when possible.Result: Out of 46 cases aspirated; there were 13 non-neoplastic cases, 15 benign neoplasms, 17 malignant cases and one case whose tissue sample was inadequate for opinion but turned out to be metastatic deposits from renal cell carcinoma on histopathology. The rate of unsatisfactory fine needle aspiration cytology was 2.2% and the sensitivity was 89.47%. The specificity and positive predictive value were 100%.Conclusion: Fine needle aspiration cytology is a simple, minimally invasive, highly accurate and cost effective technique for early diagnosis of malignant metastatic nodules on the abdominal wall and therefore minimizes the need for histopathology and facilitates decision-making regarding the mode of treatment.